Public response
The two concepts of “public opinion” and “public resonance” exist in close dependence. The second is impossible without the first. What is public opinion? This is a form of mass consciousness; it explicitly or implicitly reflects the attitude towards people’s lives, towards various events in which their interests and needs are affected. It is expressed publicly and influences the life of society, the form of the political system of the state.
When influencing public opinion through newspapers, radio, television, the Internet or through the accomplishment of any events, they receive public resonance. This is a response to an event that has happened or is expected to happen. These are two most important components of social life and human relations. The manipulation of these concepts plays a huge role in modern life. It is through artificially created public resonance that certain groups of people achieve their goals.
Examples of resonance in life
Pushing a person on a swing is a common example of this phenomenon. A loaded swing, a pendulum, has a natural vibration frequency and a resonant frequency that resists being pushed faster or slower.
An example is the oscillation of projectiles on a playground, which acts like a pendulum. A person's push while swinging at a natural swing interval causes the swing to go higher and higher (maximum amplitude), while attempting to swing at a faster or slower pace creates smaller arcs. This is because the energy absorbed by vibrations increases when the shocks correspond to natural vibrations.
The response is widely found in nature and is used in many artificial devices. This is the mechanism by which virtually all sine waves and vibrations are generated. Many of the sounds we hear, such as when hard objects made of metal, glass or wood hit, are caused by short vibrations in the object. Light and other short-wave electromagnetic radiation is created by resonance on the atomic scale, such as electrons in atoms. Other conditions in which the beneficial properties of this phenomenon may apply:
- Timekeeping mechanisms of modern watches, a balance wheel in a mechanical watch and a quartz crystal in a watch.
- Tidal response of the Bay of Fundy.
- Acoustic resonances of musical instruments and the human vocal tract.
- Destruction of a crystal glass under the influence of a musical right tone.
- Frictional idiophones, such as making a glass object (glass, bottle, vase), vibrate when rubbed around its edge with a fingertip.
- The electrical response of tuned circuits in radios and televisions that allow selective reception of radio frequencies.
- Creation of coherent light by optical resonance in a laser cavity.
- Orbital response, exemplified by some of the gas giant moons of the Solar System.
Atomic-scale material resonances are the basis of several spectroscopic techniques that are used in condensed matter physics, for example:
- Electronic spin.
- Mossbauer effect.
- Nuclear magnetic.
Where does the expression “public outcry” come from?
The word resonance came to social relations from physics, where it means a wave response to an external influence. It is expressed in a significant increase in the amplitude of vibrations when the frequency of external influences coincides with the frequency values of a given body or system.
If we transfer this definition to social relations, where external influences (push) are events that receive a certain response among various social strata, then we get this concept. Public resonance is an emotional response to a particular event, be it a statement by famous figures, an incident, a political decision, a natural phenomenon and many others.
Current resonance
Current resonance is observed in circuits where inductance and capacitance are connected in parallel.
The phenomenon consists of the flow of large currents between the capacitor and the coil, with zero current in the unbranched part of the circuit. This is explained by the fact that when the resonant frequency is reached, the total resistance Z increases. Or in simple terms it sounds like this - at the resonance point the maximum total value of resistance Z is reached, after which one of the resistances increases and the other decreases, depending on whether the frequency increases or decreases. This is clearly shown in the graph:
Types of public outcry
People's reactions to events can be natural when a large number of citizens react to it in the same way for a number of reasons. In this case, a person forms his own point of view or adheres to the majority opinion he heard during conversations and exchange of information. This kind of public opinion can be observed in small communities or localities.
But in most cases, using the capabilities of modern mass media, the opinions of many people are manipulated. Here it would be appropriate to talk about controlled public outcry. In some cases, this can constitute a kind of psychological weapon that can harm society and the state.
What is resonance?
Definition of the phenomenon by TOE: electrical resonance occurs in an electrical circuit at a certain resonant frequency, when some parts of the resistance or conductivity of the circuit elements cancel each other. In some circuits, this occurs when the impedance between the input and output of the circuit is almost zero and the signal transfer function is close to unity. In this case, the quality factor of this circuit is very important.
Connection of two branches at resonance
Signs of resonance:
- The components of the reactive branches of the current are equal to each other IPC = IPL, antiphase is formed only when the net active energy at the input is equal;
- The current in individual branches exceeds the entire current of a particular circuit, while the branches are in phase.
In other words, resonance in an AC circuit implies a special frequency, and is determined by the values of resistance, capacitance and inductance. There are two types of current resonance:
- Consistent;
- Parallel.
For series resonance, the condition is simple and is characterized by minimal resistance and zero phase, it is used in reactive circuits, and it is also used in branched circuits. Parallel resonance or the concept of an RLC circuit occurs when the inductive and capacitive inputs are equal in magnitude but cancel each other out since they are at an angle of 180 degrees from each other. This connection must be constantly equal to the specified value. It has received wider practical application. The sharp minimum impedance that it exhibits is beneficial for many electrical household appliances. The sharpness of the minimum depends on the resistance value.
An RLC circuit (or circuit) is an electrical circuit that consists of a resistor, inductor, and capacitor connected in series or parallel. The RLC parallel oscillating circuit gets its name from the abbreviation of the physical quantities representing resistance, inductance and capacitance, respectively. The circuit forms a harmonic oscillator for the current. Any oscillation of the current induced in the circuit fades over time if the movement of the directed particles is stopped by the source. This resistor effect is called attenuation. The presence of resistance also reduces the peak resonant frequency. Some resistance is unavoidable in real circuits, even if a resistor is not included in the circuit.
Who creates public outcry
The main body for creating public resonance is the media. It is in their depths that information material is formed that is capable of causing a great public outcry. This is done by giving emphasis to a specific, sometimes insignificant event, while silencing more important news that is of significant or equal value.
What it is
Current resonance is a type of state of an electrical circuit when the general appearance of current indicators coincides in phase with the voltage level, and the reactive power is zero or it is presented in active form.
. Current resonance
This scenario is typical for alternating current and has not only positive properties, but also some undesirable consequences. Thus, thanks to resonance, radio technology, automation and wire telephony work, but at the same time, overvoltages and malfunctions in the electrical system occur.
Public resonance as a weapon of influence or pressure
An artificially created wide public response is a tool of influence or pressure of a certain lobby, a number of interested parties. With the help of the media, they influence the consciousness of citizens, trying to introduce the attitudes they need, information with the content they need.
This is a kind of mechanism of pressure on the legislative or executive power, the courts. The media, first of all, manipulate human emotions, trying to emphasize the details they need, ignoring the most important ones, and often deliberately inflating the scale of the event.
Operating principle
Current resonance can be seen in the inner surface of an electrical circuit that has a parallel coil, resistor and capacitor connection. The main principle of how a standard device works is not difficult to understand.
When the electrical power is turned on, charge accumulates inside the capacitor unit to the rated voltage. At this time, the power source is turned off and the circuit is closed into a circuit. This moment is accompanied by a transfer of the discharge to part of the coil. Next, the current readings that pass through the coil generate a magnetic field. An electromotive independent inductive force is created in the direction of the counter current. With a complete capacitor discharge, the current indicators increase as much as possible. The amount of energy becomes a magnetic induction field. As a result, this cycle is repeated, and the coil field is converted into a capacitor charge.
Principle of operation
Resonance and quality factor
p=√L/C.
The same potential difference will be formed across the inductor. The benefits and harms of the phenomenon under consideration are specified by quality factor (Q = p/R = (1/R)/ √L/C) = (Fк*L)/R = 1/Fк*R*C) and attenuation (1/Q) . Here Fк denotes the natural frequency of the circuit.
Q = Fк/ ΔF.
Quality factor of a mechanical oscillating system
The dangers and benefits of resonance
Resonance, like any other physical phenomenon, in itself is neither bad nor good, since it can bring both benefit and harm. For example, it is resonance that helps to pull out a car stuck in mud or snow - systematic rocking of the car, back and forth with an increase in the amplitude of vibrations, helps to free it from captivity.
But a textbook negative example of the effect of resonance is described at the very beginning of our article, and is associated with bridges. If a company of soldiers marches along the bridge in formation, it may, if not collapse it, then significantly damage it, because it will cause a strong resonance of the bridge’s own vibrations with the vibrations from the march “toe to toe” of hundreds of soldiers.
However, a strong resonance of a bridge can occur not only from a marching company of soldiers; designers and architects have long known such a thing as the “Tacoma Bridge” - this is a bridge built with strong violations of building codes. The fact is that in the 40s of the 19th century a suspension bridge collapsed in the USA.
Since then, bridge construction technologies have undergone significant changes, and engineers, designers and architects always take into account the phenomenon of resonance when designing their facilities. This phenomenon must be taken into account not only during the construction of bridges, but also during the construction of high-rise buildings, antennas, high supports, in short, everything that could theoretically resonate with air flows.
The useful result is clear from the bell example. A person with average physical abilities is able to create a chime that can be heard over a very long distance. For similar sound power using electronic equipment, it is necessary to use a powerful amplifier and a huge speaker.
To reproduce an audio signal using such equipment, you will have to spend a lot of electricity.
A sharp unregulated increase in amplitude at a certain level exceeds the strength characteristics of the structure. It was precisely this impact of wind loads that destroyed the Tacoma Bridge in the USA. To eliminate dangerous situations, instead of complex engineering calculations, officers command soldiers to walk out of step when crossing water obstacles along such structures.
Positive and negative sides of resonance
An increase in vibrations of two times or more, compared with the original tolerance of the technical specifications, can lead to destruction of the structure. However, this same manifestation in another situation performs useful functions. It is convenient to study the pros and cons of resonance using specific examples.
Resonant converter
To convert a pulse signal into a sinusoidal one, you can use the inverter shown in the figures. The operating principle is the periodic accumulation and return of energy using reactive components. With the correct selection of elements, the oscillatory circuit performs the functions of a filter. A transformer is an additional inductance in the circuit, so the main coil can be made smaller. The number of turns of the windings sets the required output voltage.
There is a certain reason for creating a heating system using electricity generated by solar panels. These “free” generators are becoming cheaper as production technology improves. You can assemble an effective induction heater yourself. Some circuits are not inferior in efficiency to factory analogues.
Water heater
The following examples of resonance demonstrate the negative aspects of the phenomenon:
- excessive increase in the amplitude of vibrations of vehicle suspension elements;
- harmful and unpleasant sound that is generated at resonant frequencies by technological equipment;
- the occurrence of interference in acoustic, optical and radio paths.
