A video intercom is no longer some kind of ultra-fashionable, luxurious and expensive household equipment. Nowadays, such devices can be seen not only on elite cottages, but also on the entrance doors of standard high-rise buildings.
A rationally selected calling panel with a camera for a video intercom will have a long service life and ensure accurate identification of guests, which guarantees a high level of security for building residents. Let's consider the main types and installation diagrams for connecting such devices.
Components of video intercom devices
A video intercom is a rather complex device. The number of its structural elements in various modifications depends on the set of options and the availability of the ability to connect certain additional modules that expand the main functionality.
Any intercom consists of the following basic elements:
Video intercom display or control panel , to which the video signal is transmitted from a video camera installed in the calling panel or from additional independent cameras. The intercom control panel is installed indoors.
Its functionality is:
- Control of electromechanical or electromagnetic locks;
- Audio and video communication with the guest;
- Recording video stream from CCTV cameras;
- Call forwarding to another control panel, if any;
Access locking device , consisting of an electromagnetic or electromechanical lock. Such locks are opened either remotely from a button on the video intercom control panel or using a special card reader and intercom keys. If there is a loss of electricity at the facility, and the intercom system does not have an uninterruptible battery, then the electromechanical lock is blocked; it can be opened mechanically from the outside using the regular key included in the kit.
Below I have presented the standard delivery kit for an electromechanical and electromagnetic lock.
Call panel , which can have an extensive range of functions. In the minimum configuration, it is equipped with a signal key and address dialing buttons; in more complex configurations, it is equipped with fingerprint, voice or retina recognition modules. As an example of a standard modification of a calling panel for outdoor use with a basic set of options, we can mention Optimus brand products.
The photo shows the delivery kit for the calling panel with the Optimus DS-700 camera
Power unit . One or more 12 V power supplies that provide power to the various functional modules of the system. Power supplies are simple and uninterruptible. The latter, after turning off the light, continue to work due to the battery installed in it.
In general, the access control system can be modified within very wide limits. For example, in certain modifications it is possible to install an additional calling panel (black and white or color), additional displays, video cameras and microphones. Moreover, each of the above blocks can also have a different set of options.
Video intercom equipment
Installation of a video intercom in an apartment will be successful if the following basic elements are present:
- Call panel;
- Call reception monitor;
- Cable for connecting to a video intercom;
- The door lock itself;
- Power unit.
Video intercom kit
Modern access control devices are divided according to the main parameters:
| Image | Black and white | Colored |
| Video recording capability | Yes | No |
| Camera | Open | Closed |
| Image transmission technology | CRT | LCD |
| Door closing mechanism | With electromagnetic lock | With electromechanical |
| Connection method | Wired | Wireless |
Video intercoms are presented on the market with a huge number of models that will allow you to choose the best and most suitable combination of parameters for each subscriber. The video intercom connection diagram may differ depending on the device model and the number of cameras.
Connection diagram
In the video intercom diagram above, there is a power supply that is connected to all devices in the system; there are modifications where each element is supplied with its own power source.
The scheme is not particularly complicated, but it has its own characteristics; if you study everything correctly, you can install a video intercom with your own hands. To do this, you will need an intercom kit, a door lock, which is purchased separately depending on the wishes of the owner of the premises, and a working tool. If you follow the correct sequence of actions, connecting a video intercom yourself will not be difficult.
If the access control system has the ability to record data, then an information storage device is added to the circuit, which can be represented by a built-in memory card in the intercom monitor or an external device (receiver, server).
Types of intercom calling panels
It is important to understand that different access control systems have varying degrees of compatibility of their constituent elements.
Most manufacturers, in order to create strictly defined functionality at minimal cost and ensure maximum reliability of video intercom systems, recommend using only components of their own brand.
However, no one forbids creating a prefabricated system, for example, taking a calling panel from one brand, and a control module or video camera from another. The question of the feasibility of such a solution lies in cost, compatibility and desired parameters, such as:
- — protection from moisture;
- — operating range of temperature fluctuations;
- — class of protection against vandalism;
- — functionality (call button, presence of a keyboard, intercoms and other auxiliary elements);
- — type of video camera and its parameters (color, black and white, viewing angle, resolution, photosensitivity);
- — compatibility with keys of a particular class;
- - additional options.
In addition to the above parameters, video intercom calling panels can be selected by the future owner based on compatibility with magnetic or electronic keys already used on doors.
Video intercom systems on the market are conventionally divided into two groups:
Street
An outdoor intercom calling panel is a device designed for use in harsh weather conditions, has a high degree of protection against vandalism and mechanical damage, and does not require scheduled maintenance. This is why most components of outdoor panels are made of metal.
For example, a standard outdoor calling panel can withstand temperatures down to -10°C. Some manufacturers also create ultra-frost-resistant models that can function even at -40°C.
Vandal-proof modifications of the video intercom use designs that can resist almost any malicious mechanical influence. The speakers are reliably protected by a metal mesh, the microphone is hidden in a special way, and the video camera lenses are made of high-strength shockproof glass.
Domestic
The internal part of the video intercom can provide the owner with a wide choice of options - their number depends on the wishes of the user and his financial capabilities. The limit of perfection of such devices is limited only by the level of the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress.
Internal video intercom calling panel
Modifications of video intercoms designed to operate in average conditions (temperature above 0°C, average humidity, absence of vandalism) usually have the following options:
- — fingerprint recognizer;
- — programmable touch keyboard, reminiscent of a smartphone display;
- - motion sensors;
- — external and internal screens for mutual video and audio communication;
- - Possibility of using different types of keys.
As a rule, the video signal on internal panels is much better than on external ones. If there is no need to create anti-vandal protection, external cameras can be selected with maximum light sensitivity and resolution.
By properly placing external video cameras, you can create an effective internal surveillance point for the surrounding area.
Design and principle of operation of an analog intercom
An analog video intercom for an apartment works on the same principles as an access control system. He can interact with it using an adapter. In this case, the visitor from outside calls the owner directly from the dial panel of the entrance door. The analogue intercom device includes several large functional modules.
Call panel
The call panel allows you to identify the visitor in any weather conditions. Installed on it:
- camera;
- infrared night vision illumination;
- microphone for communication;
- speaker;
- call button or digital panel for multi-subscriber models;
- electronic key reader.
The video intercom calling panel is made in a vandal-proof design, made of metal coated with a durable layer of heat-resistant paint. The camera lens is covered with triplex or recessed inside the body.
Important! The calling panel has a special feature: the camera has a fairly narrow viewing angle. Therefore, the visitor must stand close to the lens to obtain a clear and legible image.
Depending on the complexity of the model, the calling panel may have one built-in camera and ports for connecting additional surveillance devices.
Inner panel
The internal panel is installed in an apartment or house. This is a monitor for displaying the camera image with buttons for control. It can be handsetless and work as a voice intercom. However, many users prefer the classic version of the intercom. A video intercom monitor with a handset allows you not to disturb others by communicating with the visitor.
The internal module contains:
- a means of transmitting an audio signal from a calling device, handset or speaker;
- lock control buttons;
- a keyboard or a set of buttons to activate certain functions of the device;
- speaker for signaling a call;
- microphone.
Important! The internal panel needs a power supply. The adapter supplies voltage not only to the monitor and electronic parts. It powers the controlled lock and, in some cases, the calling panel.
Locks
The internal video intercom panel can control one or more electromechanical or electromagnetic locks. They can also be opened from the calling panel using an identification key. When choosing a video intercom for a house or apartment, you should definitely pay attention to what types of locks it controls.
The electromechanical lock can be opened with a simple key. When the mains voltage disappears, it remains closed. As a result, intruders who cut the cable will not be able to get inside. Electromagnetic locks are opened only by control commands. When the voltage disappears, they are unlocked to ensure safety.
Interface block
The video intercom interface unit is almost always purchased separately - this module is needed to connect to the entrance access control system. Depending on its type, the operating principle of the interface block differs.
- The analog coordinate matrix addressing system uses a multi-core bus. One group of wires is responsible for transmitting the tens identifier of the subscriber number, the other for units. The interface blocks for connecting to such a bus are galvanically isolated.
- The digital addressing system is simpler. In order to connect a video intercom to an access access control system, you need to correctly set the apartment number on the interface unit using jumpers.
Important! There is no need to study the intricacies of connection if the video intercom is installed in a private house as an independent access control system. But if you plan to install it in an apartment, you should pay close attention to the characteristics of the access control system and the parameters of the interface unit. It happens that certain models of video intercoms simply cannot be connected to a bus of one type or another.
The analog system works as follows. If the video intercom is not connected to the entrance access control system, a signal sounds when you press the door panel button on the inside. The owner immediately sees the visitor. By picking up the phone or pressing the intercom button, he can find out the purpose of the visit and any other information. After this, it is enough to unlock the lock using the appropriate key. When integrating a video intercom into an entrance access control system, almost the same process occurs. The difference is that the address of the apartment is generated by the calling panel based on the dialed number. After identifying the visitor, the owner of the video intercom gives the command to unlock the entrance lock.
Unlike a conventional intercom, an analogue video system requires additional cable installation . It transmits audio and video signals simultaneously. Based on all of the above, we can briefly describe the features of analog video intercoms.
- Difficult to install and requires cabling.
- A separate interface unit is required for integration into existing access control systems.
- It is a closed system (calling room - internal panel).
- The image quality is not high.
Important! Most analog video intercoms do not offer any additional options: video cannot be recorded, motion sensor data is not processed, and photographs are not available.
Additional functions and design elements
In principle, all other auxiliary components not mentioned earlier must expand the functionality of the system and increase its reliability, otherwise they simply do not make sense.
For example:
— a canopy covering the outdoor calling panel protects it from moisture in the event of snow or rain;
— an additional call button allows you to invite the concierge if you have lost your own key or, as a guest, have forgotten the specific address of the person you are visiting;
— illumination, which allows you to transmit to the cameras the highest quality image of the visitor at night or in adverse weather conditions.
In addition, video intercom control panels can have an interface for connecting additional cameras in order to organize video surveillance from several points, and also interact with a motion sensor that activates video recording when any monitoring events begin.
In order not to waste money on advanced functionality that is unlikely to be useful to you in reality, before purchasing a specific video intercom system, clearly define the tasks that it must perform and take into account the existing operating conditions.
Call panel connection diagram and tips for making the best choice
The installation of a video intercom system should be carried out in maximum accordance with the recommendations of its manufacturer. This list includes:
- — installation option (placement inside the door leaf, on the wall adjacent to the door, on the surface of the door, etc.);
- — diagram of interaction with other structural elements (lock control unit, door open button, other additional equipment);
- — method of power supply to system components (connection to a standard 220V power line, through its own voltage converter or through a control module for power distribution via internal cables).
In the technical documentation you can find out what types of cables the calling panel is connected to, what types of auxiliary devices it is compatible with, and what maximum operating loads it can withstand.
Connection diagram for a calling panel with a camera with an electromagnetic or electromechanical lock.
Varieties
Manufacturers produce many models of calling panels, which vary in cost and functionality. Conventionally, they can be classified as follows:
- Number of subscribers served: Single-subscriber – used in private homes;
- Low-subscription – for 2-5 subscribers. Used in residential buildings for a small number of families, offices;
- Multi-subscriber – for apartment buildings;
- Colored;
- Mortise;
In addition, many manufacturers provide additional equipment: protective pads and visors. Almost all models have additional IR illumination for shooting in the dark.
Based on the method of communication with the subscriber, addressable and coordinate devices are distinguished. Addressable ones are used primarily in low-subscription systems, where a separate call button is reserved for each user. Coordinate, have a numeric keypad, which is connected to the control unit of the intercom system. Communication with the subscriber is carried out by dialing a two-digit code, one of the digits of which corresponds to the floor number, and the second to the apartment number on the floor.
Installation of a video intercom calling panel
To connect we will need:
- multi-core cable for transmitting audio, video, power supply over a distance of up to 40 meters; — a pair of coaxial and two-core cables, allowing you to organize broadcasting over a line up to 500 meters long; - twisted pair cable, line range - up to 50 meters, this type of wire is not recommended for broadcasting color video signals; - a combined cable having a coaxial structure and several simple insulated conductors.
The best option is to choose an outdoor panel that is compatible with existing communication and power lines or has the same number of signal and power lines as the head unit. In addition, you need to consider the type of lock and purchase a call unit that is compatible with it.
On video: How to install and connect the calling panel
Connecting an electronic lock to an intercom
The connection diagram for an intercom with an electric lock, regardless of its design, will require the use of a separate power source. The electromagnet winding consumes a decent amount of current and the low-power power supply available in the subscriber unit will not be enough.
There are several schemes for connecting electric locks to an intercom:
- In one case, the electric lock is connected to the calling panel,
- Another involves connecting the lock to the subscriber unit.
The first option is preferable, since the lock and the calling panel are located nearby, and there is no need to lay additional lines.
The control of an electromagnetic and electromechanical lock differs from each other. In the first case, the supply voltage is turned off, for which normally closed relay contacts are used, and to operate the electromechanical lock, power must be supplied to the electromagnet winding or electric motor, and for this purpose normally open contacts are used . Connecting the electric lock to the intercom can be done using a UTP cable or similar. Such a wire has several pairs of single-core conductors. In order to avoid problems with the load, it is better to make up the wires through which the supply voltage is supplied from two twisted conductors.
Additional security measures. In order to completely secure your apartment or country house, you should purchase and install electromechanical locks that have additional security features. Thus, some models of electric locks for intercoms have two modes - day and night. If during the daytime the lock can be easily opened with a button from the subscriber unit or with a key from the outside, then at night additional bolts are installed that completely block the possibility of opening the lock.
Nutrition. Connecting a video intercom with an electric lock requires the use of standard power supplies with a voltage of 12 or 24 V with a current of at least 3 A. Some craftsmen connect the solenoid of the electromagnetic lock directly to the power supply of the video camera. This should not be done under any circumstances, since the powerful current pulse that occurs when the electromagnet is triggered will sooner or later completely disable the intercom. In order to avoid problems associated with power loss, intercoms use UPS with a compact but powerful battery. It can keep the system running for several hours.
Wireless systems provide control of door opening via a radio channel. Modern devices allow the operation of a calling panel with an electric lock at a distance of up to 50 meters from the subscriber terminal.
