Purpose and principle of operation of OIN-1
A surge voltage limiter device is necessary to protect a network with an indicator of 380/220 V. This is the classic voltage for operating electrical networks. Sudden voltage drops can occur due to lightning strikes. Thunderstorms also create contact differences in the soil.
What does the device look like?
Also, the voltage may change due to a surge in the power grid. They are formed when different devices are connected or turned off on the same network. Sharp surges can occur when connecting powerful electrical appliances or any systems.
Operating principle of the device: from the inside, OIN-1 is equipped with a varistor. According to the principle of operation, they are similar to arresters that were used before.
SPD in the shield
In this case, the device will be installed parallel to the protected electrical circuit.
If for some reason the voltage in the network becomes higher than the permitted value, the device will simply close the wiring, thus preventing the threat from household appliances connected behind it.
To understand whether the device is working or not, you need to pay attention to the color of the indicator. If it is green, then the module will be in good condition, and if it is red, then it needs to be replaced.
Purpose
First you need to understand how a surge suppressor works. Its main feature is the protection of electrical devices from high-voltage overloads that affect voltage. Energy engineers decided to give preference to this type of device, since they are quite simple and reliable to use.
Previous designs worked with gaps of sparks. This is where nonlinear resistors come into play. They are made on a base where the main component is zinc oxide.
Scope of application
The OIN-1 type limiter is used quite often. It is connected to input panels or for consumer metering. It is advisable to connect it to the meter to protect it too.
Marking from the manufacturer
If it is necessary to build a house and connect the entire territory of the estate to a source of electrical energy, the technical plan for such a connection already specifies the standard for installing OIN-1 for protection against power surges. But this instruction is carried out mainly as prescribed in the rules for electrical installations - when introducing wires by air.
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Technical specifications
Table of main characteristics of SIN-1:
| Standard voltage | 220 V |
| Rated discharge current | 6 |
| Maximum RT | 13 |
| Residual stress | 2200 |
| Protection level | not lower than IP21 |
| Temperature | from -50 to +55 |
| Device parameters (dimensions) | 80 × 17,5 × 66,5 |
| Weight | 0.12 kg |
| Life time | 3–3.5 years |
Types of surge arresters
You have already realized that the design comes in completely different types depending on the methods of application, but still you have not become familiar with all the devices. You will learn below how to choose a surge suppressor for your home, having learned in detail all the possible specific features.
Surge arresters differ according to the following characteristics:
- Insulating type (polymer or porcelain)
- Number of columns
- Standard voltage value
- Installation location of the device
You can then delve into the specific features and differences between three-phase and single-phase devices. There is also a classification that relates to the installation location - they are divided into B, C and D. But it is much more important for us to understand the technical properties.
Device connection diagrams
The connection can be single-phase or three-phase. The OIN-1 device has a number of similar devices from various manufacturers of household appliances, therefore all connection diagrams are almost similar. The standard scheme is described below. It can be used for all types of devices.
OIN 1 connection diagram
In the first case, the connection is made in parallel to the circuit, and in the second - in series with the breaker. Simply put, as a result of turning on OIN-1 during power surges, the circuit breaker will break the power circuit in order to avoid the risk of a fire in the system and the passage of current through the electric arc.
Attention! In addition to proper installation of the neutral and phase conductors, the length of the cable itself plays a fairly important role.
From the connection mark in the device terminal to the grounding bus, the total length of the wires should be no more than 50 cm.
Device
If you look at the photo of the surge suppressor, you can quickly figure out, even by eye, the many parts that it consists of. At the forefront here is a varistor, which takes on the role of a variable nonlinear resistor. There are several of them in the composition. All of them are housed in a housing made of porcelain and high-strength polymers.
By design, the surge arrester is created in such a way that the entire system is completely safe from fires and explosions. This is especially true at moments when a short circuit occurs.
A lot in this case depends on where you want to put this device. Because of this factor, the types of surge suppressors are selected. There are those who are created for protective functions on power lines and on equipment in bulky industrial facilities.
On the body you can see a bolt for contacts. Through it they connect to the system. The base must be completely protected from any contact with the ground.
If we are talking about devices used in apartments, private houses and cottages, then they are compact. Their main function is to protect electrical devices from peak performance.
They always have convenient fastening elements, and they have already begun to work well on the design, although usually these elements are located far from human eyes. There are already special remote controls and indicators that affect operating modes.
What is included in the modular limiter:
- Frame
- Safety part
- Replaceable varistor
- Wear indicating varistor module
- Clamping notches
- Work principles
You already know some of the technical characteristics of surge arresters, but the principles of their life are not entirely clear. Current-voltage characteristics (CV characteristics) act nonlinearly for varistors. For their ability to work, a material with impurities of zinc oxide and oxides of other metals is required.
It turns out to be a kind of column from a chain of varistors, which works with both parallel and serial connections of pn junctions. This determines the nature of the current-voltage characteristics of resistor limiters
The resistor is at rest when the voltage corresponds to the nominal values. Varistors have very small values, which is explained by the nature of the capacitance.
If any impulse occurs, which can ultimately lead to failure of the insulating properties, then the surge arrester suffers severe current fluctuations. Overvoltage does not occur, and the value in electrical equipment quickly decreases to safe values.
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What to use in front of the SPD - circuit breakers or fuses
To continuously supply the room with energy, it is recommended to connect a circuit breaker that will turn off the SPD.
After being struck by lightning
The connection of this machine is also determined by the fact that during the period of pulse withdrawal, what is said to be an accompanying current is formed.
But it is much easier to purchase modular fuses. It is recommended to select a GG type device.
They can protect the entire range of overcurrents. Even if the current has increased slightly, a fuse of this type will still turn it off.
